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List of Major League Baseball tie-breakers
A tie-breaker is required in Major League Baseball (MLB) when two or more teams are tied at the end of the regular season for a playoff position including a pennant (prior to the introduction of the League Championship Series in 1969), a division title, or a Wild Card spot. Both the American (AL) and National Leagues (NL) currently use a one-game playoff format for , although the NL used a best-of-three series prior to 1969, when the leagues were split into divisions. Fourteen —ten single-game and four series—have been played in MLB history. In baseball statistics, games count as regular season games with all events in them counted towards regular season statistics. This can have implications on statistical races, such as when Matt Holliday won the batting average and runs batted in titles thanks in part to his performance in the 2007 . Home-field advantage for was determined by a coin flip through the 2008 season, after which performance-based criteria, such as head-to-head record of the tied teams, were put in place.
Although there have been no situations requiring a between more than two teams it is possible. In 2007, for example, the Philadelphia Phillies, New York Mets, San Diego Padres, Colorado Rockies, and Arizona Diamondbacks finished the season within two games of one another. The possibility existed for as many as four teams to be locked in a series of that year to decide the NL East, West, and Wild Card. Similarly, late in the 2012 season the possibility existed for the New York Yankees, Baltimore Orioles, and either the Texas Rangers or Oakland Athletics to all finish with the same record. This could have required the teams to play a complex set of multiple games to determine divisional and wild card winners, a situation which Jayson Stark described as potentially "baseball's worst scheduling nightmare."
==History==
The first , held in 1946, decided the winner of the NL pennant between the St. Louis Cardinals and the Brooklyn Dodgers, who had finished the season tied at 96–58. The Cardinals won the series in two games and went on to win the 1946 World Series, one of four winners who have gone on to win the World Series. Three games have gone into extra innings: the decisive second game of the 1959 series, the 2007 Wild Card , and the 2009 game. The 2008 , which saw only one combined run score, was the lowest scoring game while the 2007 match-up with 17 total runs was the highest scoring. The Dodgers franchise has participated in five , twice while the team was based in Brooklyn and three times in Los Angeles, the most for any team. Dodger Stadium, Ebbets Field, Fenway Park, and the Polo Grounds are the only venues which have hosted multiple games (the Polo Grounds hosted two of the three games in the 1951 series).
One notable moment in MLB history came in the final game of the 1951 series. Entering the bottom of the ninth inning the New York Giants were trailing the Dodgers 4–1. Al Dark and Don Mueller each singled to put runners at the corners.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Game of Wednesday, 10/3/1951 – Brooklyn at New York (D) )〕 Whitey Lockman hit a double, scoring Dark to make the game 4–2. Finally, Bobby Thomson hit a walk-off home run which has come to be known as the "Shot Heard 'Round the World" to give the Giants the 5–4 victory and the National League pennant. ESPN's ''SportsCentury'' ranked it as the second greatest game of the 20th century.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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